What is the Crowdfunding Model?
The Crowdfunding Model is a business model where individuals, organisations, or businesses raise small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the internet. It allows entrepreneurs, artists, charities, and others to fund projects, products, causes, or business ventures without the need for traditional financing sources like banks and venture capitalists.

Key Features
The crowdfunding model focuses on generating community investment to fund projects or innovation upfront. Here are the key features of the crowdfunding model:
Community Funding
This involves the pooling of funds from a broad range of individuals. Rather than relying on a small group of investors for large sums of money, crowdfunding seeks smaller contributions from a larger group. This reduces the risk for individual contributors and allows for a more diverse group of backers.
Online Platforms
Online platforms are the catalysts for crowdfunding campaigns. These platforms provide the necessary tools and infrastructure for individuals to create campaign pages, set fundraising goals, and communicate with backers. These platforms are vital in connecting the campaigners with an audience.
Rewards-Based Funding
In this model, backers receive tangible rewards or products in exchange for their contributions. Common rewards include early access to products, acknowledgments, merchandise, or experiences. Kickstarter and Indiegogo are examples of rewards-based platforms.
Equity-Based Funding
Backers receive a stake in the company / project they are funding, usually in the form of shares. This model is more common for startups looking to raise capital & give backers an opportunity for financial returns if the company succeeds. Examples of equity-based platforms include SeedInvest & Crowdcube.
Goal Oriented
Crowdfunding campaigns are typically structured around specific financial goals that need to be reached within a set timeframe. The goal reflects the amount of funding required to successfully realise the project or venture. Some platforms operate on an "all-or-nothing" basis.
Community Engagement
Building and engaging a community is a critical aspect of crowdfunding. Successful campaigns often have a strong community of supporters who feel invested in the project's success. This can be achieved through regular updates, active social media presence, and timely communication.
Advantages & Disadvantages
The crowdfunding business model offers advantages such as access to capital from a diverse pool of investors, increased market visibility, and the opportunity to validate product ideas or concepts. However, it also presents challenges in terms of intense competition for funding, the need for effective campaign management and marketing, and the potential risk of failing to meet backer expectations.
Pros
Through crowdfunding, entrepreneurs and project creators have an alternative means to access capital. This is especially beneficial for those who may not have access to traditional funding sources, such as bank loans or venture capital.
Crowdfunding allows project creators to gauge the interest and demand for their product or idea. If a campaign receives significant support, it can serve as validation that there is a market for the product.
Crowdfunding campaigns often result in the establishment of an initial customer base. Backers who contribute to a campaign are likely to become the first customers and may also become brand ambassadors if they are satisfied with the product.
Running a crowdfunding campaign can generate visibility and awareness. Through social sharing and media coverage, campaigns can reach a wide audience, acting as a marketing tool.
Crowdfunding enables creators to engage with a community that is interested in their project. This engagement can result in valuable feedback and suggestions that can help improve the product.
As funds are raised before the product is fully developed, there is less financial risk involved for the creator. They can use the funds to develop the product without incurring debt or giving away equity at an early stage.
Unlike traditional funding where investors may demand a say in the decision-making process, crowdfunding often allows creators to retain full control over their project and make decisions that align with their vision.
Online crowdfunding platforms allow creators to reach a global audience. This means that people from around the world can support a project, which wouldn’t be as easy through traditional funding methods.
Crowdfunding campaigns can be a relatively fast way to raise the necessary funds, especially when compared to traditional financing, which can be time-consuming.
Cons
If a campaign does not reach its funding goal, especially on all-or-nothing platforms, it may not receive any of the funds raised. This can result in a significant loss of time and resources invested in the campaign.
With the popularity of crowdfunding, there is a considerable number of campaigns running concurrently. This high competition makes it difficult for projects to stand out and garner the attention and support they need.
Running a successful crowdfunding campaign requires a significant amount of time and resources, including creating promotional materials, actively marketing the campaign, and communicating with backers.
Backers often have high expectations regarding the product or rewards promised. Failure to meet these expectations or delays in delivering rewards can result in dissatisfaction among backers and harm the project’s reputation.
For certain types of campaigns, especially equity-based crowdfunding, there are complex legal and regulatory requirements that need to be adhered to. Failure to comply with these regulations can have serious consequences.
Crowdfunding platforms can sometimes be used for fraudulent campaigns. This affects the trust that backers have in campaigns and can make it harder for legitimate projects to secure funding.
By publicly sharing details of a product or idea, there is a risk of intellectual property theft, as others may try to copy the idea and bring a similar product to the market.
If a campaign fails, it is visible to the public. This can impact an entrepreneur’s reputation and may affect their ability to secure funding in the future.
Sometimes a campaign might receive much more funding than anticipated. While this might seem like a good problem to have, it can create challenges in terms of scaling production, managing logistics, and meeting increased backer expectations.
Revenue Generation
The crowdfunding model generates revenue primarily through community fundraising. Here are some of the ways businesses could generate income through a crowdfunding model :
Pre-Selling Products
One common way to generate revenue through crowdfunding is by pre-selling products or services. Backers contribute funds in exchange for the promise of receiving the product or service once it is developed.
Debt Crowdfunding
Also known as peer-to-peer lending or crowdlending, this involves borrowing funds from multiple backers, who expect the loan to be paid back with interest. This can be a revenue source for businesses that use the funds for profit-generating activities.
Tiers & Add-Ons
Many campaigns have tiered reward systems where higher contribution levels come with more benefits. This encourages backers to contribute more. Additionally, offering add-ons that can be purchased in addition to the main reward can boost revenue.
Equity Funding
Equity-based crowdfunding involves raising capital by selling shares or stakes in the project or company to backers. This is more common for startups and businesses looking for investment rather than just product-based funding.
Licensing & Royalties
Sometimes, crowdfunding campaigns are used to bring attention to an invention or creative work. If the campaign is successful, the creator may license the intellectual property to other companies for production, generating revenue through licensing fees.
Sponsorship
Successful crowdfunding campaigns, especially those with a significant following or social impact, may attract sponsorships and endorsements which can generate additional revenue.
Support for a Cause
Some campaigns are based on raising donations for a cause or project without the promise of physical rewards. This model is commonly used for charitable causes, art projects, and community initiatives.
Membership Access
Some crowdfunding campaigns are structured around content creation, such as podcasts, videos, or written content. Revenue is generated through backers’ subscriptions or memberships that provide them access to exclusive content.
Customer Acquisition
Customer acquisition in the crowdfunding model refers to attracting backers and supporters to contribute funds to a campaign. It is a critical aspect as the success of a crowdfunding campaign heavily relies on reaching a large number of people who are willing to support the project financially.

Before launching the campaign, creators often engage in pre-launch marketing to create buzz around the project. This may include social media teasers, email newsletters, and reaching out to friends and family.
Creators often tap into their existing networks, including friends, family, colleagues, and social media followers, to gain initial traction for their campaign.
Building a strong online presence through social media platforms is crucial. Sharing updates, stories, and engaging content can help to draw in backers. The viral nature of social media can help the campaign reach a much wider audience quickly.
Gaining media coverage can significantly boost a campaign’s visibility. Sending press releases and reaching out to journalists and bloggers to cover the campaign can attract a larger audience.
Building and engaging a community around the campaign is essential. This might be through forums, social media groups, or in-person events. Engaged communities are more likely to support the campaign and share it with their networks.
Implementing a referral program where current backers are incentivised to bring in more backers can be effective. This could be in the form of additional rewards or recognition.
The campaign page itself needs to be compelling and well-optimised. This includes an engaging video, clear and attractive images, and a well-written description that explains the value of the project and what backers will receive in return.
Building an email list and engaging potential backers through email marketing campaigns can be a highly effective way to drive contributions.
Partnering with influencers or industry experts who can endorse the project can bring in their followers as backers.
Regularly updating backers and the wider audience on the progress of the campaign, and celebrating milestones can keep the momentum going and attract more backers as the campaign progresses.
Implementing the Crowdfunding Model
When considering the crowdfunding model, businesses need to take into account the following:
Key Considerations
Choosing the right crowdfunding platform is crucial. Different platforms have varying features, fee structures, target audiences, and project categories. Research and select a platform that aligns with the nature of your project and target audience.
Clearly articulate the value and purpose of your project or venture. Explain why people should support it, what problem it solves, and what makes it unique. A compelling and well-defined value proposition is essential to attract backers.
Set a realistic funding goal that accurately reflects the financial requirements of your project. Consider the costs involved, such as production, marketing, shipping, and other expenses. An achievable goal increases the chances of reaching it within the campaign timeframe.
Create attractive and appealing rewards for different contribution levels. The rewards should provide value and incentives for backers to contribute. Consider offering a range of options at various price points to appeal to a broader audience.
Properly prepare your campaign by creating a compelling video, high-quality visuals, and a clear campaign description. Time your campaign launch strategically to maximise visibility and target relevant events, seasons, or trends that align with your project.
Develop a comprehensive marketing and promotion strategy to create awareness about your campaign. Utilise social media, email marketing, content creation, public relations, influencers, and other channels to reach your target audience. Engage your existing network and consider partnering with relevant organisations or influencers.
Establish trust with your backers by being transparent and maintaining open lines of communication. Regularly update your backers on the progress of the campaign, challenges faced, and milestones achieved. Respond promptly to inquiries and address concerns.
Set an appropriate campaign duration that provides enough time to gain traction but is not excessively long. Plan for a strong start and maintain momentum throughout the campaign through updates, engagement, and promotional efforts.
Plan and communicate how you will fulfil rewards to backers. Ensure you have a realistic timeline for production, shipping, and delivery. Clear communication and prompt fulfilment of rewards are vital for maintaining backer satisfaction.
Understand the legal and regulatory obligations associated with crowdfunding in your jurisdiction. Comply with tax regulations, consumer protection laws, intellectual property rights, and any specific requirements related to equity crowdfunding if applicable.
Be prepared for potential challenges and setbacks during the campaign. Have contingency plans in place to address unforeseen circumstances, such as production delays, supply chain issues, or unexpected costs.
Maintain engagement with your backers even after the campaign ends. Keep them informed about project updates, progress, and any additional opportunities for involvement or support. Building long-term relationships with your backers can lead to ongoing support and advocacy.
Growth Strategies
Build a strong foundation before launching your campaign. Establish a pre-launch marketing plan to create anticipation, engage potential backers, and build an email list of interested individuals. Use social media, content marketing, and networking to generate buzz and attract early supporters.
Craft a compelling narrative that resonates with your target audience. Use storytelling techniques to communicate the purpose, impact, and passion behind your project. Connect emotionally with potential backers by sharing personal experiences, challenges, and aspirations.
Invest in professional visuals and media assets that showcase your project effectively. Create a captivating campaign video that explains your project's mission, benefits, and rewards. Use high-resolution images, infographics, and illustrations to visually engage your audience.
Develop a tiered rewards structure that offers enticing benefits to backers. Offer a range of rewards at different contribution levels, ensuring they align with the campaign's theme and target audience. Make the rewards attractive, unique, and exclusive to motivate backers to support your project.
Prioritise community building and engagement throughout the campaign. Regularly communicate with backers through updates, messages, and comments. Encourage discussions, answer questions promptly, and show appreciation for their support. Foster a sense of belonging & make backers feel involved in the project's journey.
Implement strategies to retain existing customers and build long-term loyalty. This can include loyalty programs, personalized marketing campaigns, excellent customer service, and after-sales support to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage repeat purchases.
Collaborate with relevant influencers, bloggers, or industry experts who align with your project's theme. Partnering with influencers can expand your reach, increase credibility, and attract their followers as backers. Seek strategic partnerships with complementary businesses or organisations to cross-promote your campaign.
Leverage the power of social media platforms to amplify your campaign's reach. Develop a comprehensive social media strategy that includes targeted advertising, engaging content creation, contests, and interactive campaigns. Encourage sharing and utilise relevant hashtags to generate buzz and attract attention.
Create a press kit and develop a targeted media outreach plan. Write compelling press releases and pitch your campaign to relevant journalists, bloggers, and influencers in your industry. Secure media coverage to expand your campaign's visibility and attract potential backers.
Don't overlook offline promotion opportunities. Organise local events, workshops, or pop-up experiences related to your project. Engage with local media, community organisations, and influencers to gain exposure and support.
Leverage your personal and professional networks to spread the word about your campaign. Encourage friends, family, colleagues, and acquaintances to support and share your campaign with their networks. Personal connections can be valuable in building initial momentum and attracting early backers.
Maintain regular communication with your backers throughout the campaign. Provide frequent updates on project progress, milestones achieved, and any challenges faced. Show transparency, gratitude, and enthusiasm in your communications to keep backers engaged and informed.
Suitable Industries
The crowdfunding model has found success in various industries, with different types of projects, causes, and ventures benefiting from this funding approach. While the potential applications are diverse, here are some industries that are particularly suitable for the crowdfunding model:
Creative Arts & Media
Technology & Innovation
Social Causes & Non-Profits
Consumer Goods & Retail
Food & Beverage
Gaming & Entertainment
Fashion & Design
Environment & Sustainability
Medical Innovation
Companies Using The Crowdfunding Model
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

OUYA
OUYA used crowdfunding to introduce their Android-based gaming console to the market, offering the console as a reward to backers.