The Crowdfunding Model

What is the Crowdfunding Model?


The Crowdfunding Model is a business model where individuals, organisations, or businesses raise small amounts of money from a large number of people, typically via the internet. It allows entrepreneurs, artists, charities, and others to fund projects, products, causes, or business ventures without the need for traditional financing sources like banks and venture capitalists.

Key Features

The crowdfunding model focuses on generating community investment to fund projects or innovation upfront. Here are the key features of the crowdfunding model:

Community Funding

This involves the pooling of funds from a broad range of individuals. Rather than relying on a small group of investors for large sums of money, crowdfunding seeks smaller contributions from a larger group. This reduces the risk for individual contributors and allows for a more diverse group of backers. 

Online Platforms

Online platforms are the catalysts for crowdfunding campaigns. These platforms provide the necessary tools and infrastructure for individuals to create campaign pages, set fundraising goals, and communicate with backers. These platforms are vital in connecting the campaigners with an audience.

Rewards-Based Funding

In this model, backers receive tangible rewards or products in exchange for their contributions. Common rewards include early access to products, acknowledgments, merchandise, or experiences. Kickstarter and Indiegogo are examples of rewards-based platforms.

Equity-Based Funding

Backers receive a stake in the company / project they are funding, usually in the form of shares. This model is more common for startups looking to raise capital & give backers an opportunity for financial returns if the company succeeds. Examples of equity-based platforms include SeedInvest & Crowdcube.

Goal Oriented

Crowdfunding campaigns are typically structured around specific financial goals that need to be reached within a set timeframe. The goal reflects the amount of funding required to successfully realise the project or venture. Some platforms operate on an "all-or-nothing" basis.

Community Engagement

Building and engaging a community is a critical aspect of crowdfunding. Successful campaigns often have a strong community of supporters who feel invested in the project's success. This can be achieved through regular updates, active social media presence, and timely communication. 

Advantages & Disadvantages

The crowdfunding business model offers advantages such as access to capital from a diverse pool of investors, increased market visibility, and the opportunity to validate product ideas or concepts. However, it also presents challenges in terms of intense competition for funding, the need for effective campaign management and marketing, and the potential risk of failing to meet backer expectations.

Pros

Accessibility To Capital

Through crowdfunding, entrepreneurs and project creators have an alternative means to access capital. This is especially beneficial for those who may not have access to traditional funding sources, such as bank loans or venture capital.

Market Validation

Crowdfunding allows project creators to gauge the interest and demand for their product or idea. If a campaign receives significant support, it can serve as validation that there is a market for the product.

Build a Customer Base

Crowdfunding campaigns often result in the establishment of an initial customer base. Backers who contribute to a campaign are likely to become the first customers and may also become brand ambassadors if they are satisfied with the product.

Brand Awareness

Running a crowdfunding campaign can generate visibility and awareness. Through social sharing and media coverage, campaigns can reach a wide audience, acting as a marketing tool.

Community Engagement

Crowdfunding enables creators to engage with a community that is interested in their project. This engagement can result in valuable feedback and suggestions that can help improve the product.

Lower Financial Risk

As funds are raised before the product is fully developed, there is less financial risk involved for the creator. They can use the funds to develop the product without incurring debt or giving away equity at an early stage.

Creative Freedom

Unlike traditional funding where investors may demand a say in the decision-making process, crowdfunding often allows creators to retain full control over their project and make decisions that align with their vision.

Global Reach

Online crowdfunding platforms allow creators to reach a global audience. This means that people from around the world can support a project, which wouldn’t be as easy through traditional funding methods.

Speed of Fundraising

Crowdfunding campaigns can be a relatively fast way to raise the necessary funds, especially when compared to traditional financing, which can be time-consuming.

Cons

Failure To Meet Fundraising Goals

If a campaign does not reach its funding goal, especially on all-or-nothing platforms, it may not receive any of the funds raised. This can result in a significant loss of time and resources invested in the campaign.

Highly Competitive

With the popularity of crowdfunding, there is a considerable number of campaigns running concurrently. This high competition makes it difficult for projects to stand out and garner the attention and support they need.

Time & Resource Intensive

Running a successful crowdfunding campaign requires a significant amount of time and resources, including creating promotional materials, actively marketing the campaign, and communicating with backers.

Backer Expectations & Fulfilment

Backers often have high expectations regarding the product or rewards promised. Failure to meet these expectations or delays in delivering rewards can result in dissatisfaction among backers and harm the project’s reputation.

Regulatory & Legal Issues

For certain types of campaigns, especially equity-based crowdfunding, there are complex legal and regulatory requirements that need to be adhered to. Failure to comply with these regulations can have serious consequences.

Fraud & Trust Issues

Crowdfunding platforms can sometimes be used for fraudulent campaigns. This affects the trust that backers have in campaigns and can make it harder for legitimate projects to secure funding.

Intellectual Property Risks

By publicly sharing details of a product or idea, there is a risk of intellectual property theft, as others may try to copy the idea and bring a similar product to the market.

Public Failure

If a campaign fails, it is visible to the public. This can impact an entrepreneur’s reputation and may affect their ability to secure funding in the future.

Overfunding

Sometimes a campaign might receive much more funding than anticipated. While this might seem like a good problem to have, it can create challenges in terms of scaling production, managing logistics, and meeting increased backer expectations.

Revenue Generation

The crowdfunding model generates revenue primarily through community fundraising. Here are some of the ways businesses could generate income through a crowdfunding model :

Pre-Selling Products

One common way to generate revenue through crowdfunding is by pre-selling products or services. Backers contribute funds in exchange for the promise of receiving the product or service once it is developed.

Debt Crowdfunding

Also known as peer-to-peer lending or crowdlending, this involves borrowing funds from multiple backers, who expect the loan to be paid back with interest. This can be a revenue source for businesses that use the funds for profit-generating activities.

Tiers & Add-Ons

Many campaigns have tiered reward systems where higher contribution levels come with more benefits. This encourages backers to contribute more. Additionally, offering add-ons that can be purchased in addition to the main reward can boost revenue.

Equity Funding

Equity-based crowdfunding involves raising capital by selling shares or stakes in the project or company to backers. This is more common for startups and businesses looking for investment rather than just product-based funding.

Licensing & Royalties

Sometimes, crowdfunding campaigns are used to bring attention to an invention or creative work. If the campaign is successful, the creator may license the intellectual property to other companies for production, generating revenue through licensing fees.

Sponsorship

Successful crowdfunding campaigns, especially those with a significant following or social impact, may attract sponsorships and endorsements which can generate additional revenue.

Support for a Cause

Some campaigns are based on raising donations for a cause or project without the promise of physical rewards. This model is commonly used for charitable causes, art projects, and community initiatives.

Membership Access

Some crowdfunding campaigns are structured around content creation, such as podcasts, videos, or written content. Revenue is generated through backers’ subscriptions or memberships that provide them access to exclusive content.

Customer Acquisition

Customer acquisition in the crowdfunding model refers to attracting backers and supporters to contribute funds to a campaign. It is a critical aspect as the success of a crowdfunding campaign heavily relies on reaching a large number of people who are willing to support the project financially.

Pre-Launch Marketing

Before launching the campaign, creators often engage in pre-launch marketing to create buzz around the project. This may include social media teasers, email newsletters, and reaching out to friends and family.

Leveraging Existing Networks

Creators often tap into their existing networks, including friends, family, colleagues, and social media followers, to gain initial traction for their campaign.

Online Presence & Social Media

Building a strong online presence through social media platforms is crucial. Sharing updates, stories, and engaging content can help to draw in backers. The viral nature of social media can help the campaign reach a much wider audience quickly.

Press & Media Coverage

Gaining media coverage can significantly boost a campaign’s visibility. Sending press releases and reaching out to journalists and bloggers to cover the campaign can attract a larger audience.

Community Engagement

Building and engaging a community around the campaign is essential. This might be through forums, social media groups, or in-person events. Engaged communities are more likely to support the campaign and share it with their networks.

Referral Programs

Implementing a referral program where current backers are incentivised to bring in more backers can be effective. This could be in the form of additional rewards or recognition.

Campaign Page Optimisation

The campaign page itself needs to be compelling and well-optimised. This includes an engaging video, clear and attractive images, and a well-written description that explains the value of the project and what backers will receive in return.

Email Marketing

Building an email list and engaging potential backers through email marketing campaigns can be a highly effective way to drive contributions.

Influencer Partnerships

Partnering with influencers or industry experts who can endorse the project can bring in their followers as backers.

Updates & Milestones

Regularly updating backers and the wider audience on the progress of the campaign, and celebrating milestones can keep the momentum going and attract more backers as the campaign progresses.

Implementing the Crowdfunding Model

When considering the crowdfunding model, businesses need to take into account the following:

Key Considerations

Platform Selection

Choosing the right crowdfunding platform is crucial. Different platforms have varying features, fee structures, target audiences, and project categories. Research and select a platform that aligns with the nature of your project and target audience.

Clear Value Proposition

Clearly articulate the value and purpose of your project or venture. Explain why people should support it, what problem it solves, and what makes it unique. A compelling and well-defined value proposition is essential to attract backers.

Realistic Funding Goal

Set a realistic funding goal that accurately reflects the financial requirements of your project. Consider the costs involved, such as production, marketing, shipping, and other expenses. An achievable goal increases the chances of reaching it within the campaign timeframe.

Well-Defined Rewards

Create attractive and appealing rewards for different contribution levels. The rewards should provide value and incentives for backers to contribute. Consider offering a range of options at various price points to appeal to a broader audience.

Campaign Preparation & Timing

Properly prepare your campaign by creating a compelling video, high-quality visuals, and a clear campaign description. Time your campaign launch strategically to maximise visibility and target relevant events, seasons, or trends that align with your project.

Marketing & Promotion

Develop a comprehensive marketing and promotion strategy to create awareness about your campaign. Utilise social media, email marketing, content creation, public relations, influencers, and other channels to reach your target audience. Engage your existing network and consider partnering with relevant organisations or influencers.

Communication Plan

Establish trust with your backers by being transparent and maintaining open lines of communication. Regularly update your backers on the progress of the campaign, challenges faced, and milestones achieved. Respond promptly to inquiries and address concerns.

Campaign Duration & Momentum

Set an appropriate campaign duration that provides enough time to gain traction but is not excessively long. Plan for a strong start and maintain momentum throughout the campaign through updates, engagement, and promotional efforts.

Fulfilment & Delivery

Plan and communicate how you will fulfil rewards to backers. Ensure you have a realistic timeline for production, shipping, and delivery. Clear communication and prompt fulfilment of rewards are vital for maintaining backer satisfaction.

Legal & Compliance

Understand the legal and regulatory obligations associated with crowdfunding in your jurisdiction. Comply with tax regulations, consumer protection laws, intellectual property rights, and any specific requirements related to equity crowdfunding if applicable.

Contingency Planning

Be prepared for potential challenges and setbacks during the campaign. Have contingency plans in place to address unforeseen circumstances, such as production delays, supply chain issues, or unexpected costs.

Post-Campaign Engagement

Maintain engagement with your backers even after the campaign ends. Keep them informed about project updates, progress, and any additional opportunities for involvement or support. Building long-term relationships with your backers can lead to ongoing support and advocacy.

Growth Strategies

Pre-Campaign Strategy

Build a strong foundation before launching your campaign. Establish a pre-launch marketing plan to create anticipation, engage potential backers, and build an email list of interested individuals. Use social media, content marketing, and networking to generate buzz and attract early supporters.

Compelling Storytelling

Craft a compelling narrative that resonates with your target audience. Use storytelling techniques to communicate the purpose, impact, and passion behind your project. Connect emotionally with potential backers by sharing personal experiences, challenges, and aspirations.

High-Quality Visuals & Media

Invest in professional visuals and media assets that showcase your project effectively. Create a captivating campaign video that explains your project's mission, benefits, and rewards. Use high-resolution images, infographics, and illustrations to visually engage your audience.

Engaging Rewards Structure

Develop a tiered rewards structure that offers enticing benefits to backers. Offer a range of rewards at different contribution levels, ensuring they align with the campaign's theme and target audience. Make the rewards attractive, unique, and exclusive to motivate backers to support your project.

Build & Engage a Community

Prioritise community building and engagement throughout the campaign. Regularly communicate with backers through updates, messages, and comments. Encourage discussions, answer questions promptly, and show appreciation for their support. Foster a sense of belonging & make backers feel involved in the project's journey.

Customer Retention & Loyalty

Implement strategies to retain existing customers and build long-term loyalty. This can include loyalty programs, personalized marketing campaigns, excellent customer service, and after-sales support to enhance customer satisfaction and encourage repeat purchases.

Utilise Influencers & Partnerships

Collaborate with relevant influencers, bloggers, or industry experts who align with your project's theme. Partnering with influencers can expand your reach, increase credibility, and attract their followers as backers. Seek strategic partnerships with complementary businesses or organisations to cross-promote your campaign.

Social Media Strategy

Leverage the power of social media platforms to amplify your campaign's reach. Develop a comprehensive social media strategy that includes targeted advertising, engaging content creation, contests, and interactive campaigns. Encourage sharing and utilise relevant hashtags to generate buzz and attract attention.

Press & Media Outreach

Create a press kit and develop a targeted media outreach plan. Write compelling press releases and pitch your campaign to relevant journalists, bloggers, and influencers in your industry. Secure media coverage to expand your campaign's visibility and attract potential backers.

Offline & Local Promotion

Don't overlook offline promotion opportunities. Organise local events, workshops, or pop-up experiences related to your project. Engage with local media, community organisations, and influencers to gain exposure and support.

Engage Existing Networks

Leverage your personal and professional networks to spread the word about your campaign. Encourage friends, family, colleagues, and acquaintances to support and share your campaign with their networks. Personal connections can be valuable in building initial momentum and attracting early backers.

Communication & Updates

Maintain regular communication with your backers throughout the campaign. Provide frequent updates on project progress, milestones achieved, and any challenges faced. Show transparency, gratitude, and enthusiasm in your communications to keep backers engaged and informed.

Suitable Industries

The crowdfunding model has found success in various industries, with different types of projects, causes, and ventures benefiting from this funding approach. While the potential applications are diverse, here are some industries that are particularly suitable for the crowdfunding model:

Creative Arts & Media

Technology & Innovation

Social Causes & Non-Profits

Consumer Goods & Retail

Food & Beverage

Gaming & Entertainment

Fashion & Design

Environment & Sustainability

Medical Innovation

Companies Using The Crowdfunding Model

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Pebble Technology

Pebble launched a Kickstarter campaign in 2012 to fund their Pebble smartwatch, which went on to become a huge success.


Exploding Kittens

Exploding Kittens aimed to raise $10,000 to fund the production of their card game. However, they ultimately raised over $8.7 million.


OUYA

OUYA used crowdfunding to introduce their Android-based gaming console to the market, offering the console as a reward to backers.

Business-to-Business (B2B)

Glowforge

Glowforge developed a 3D laser printer for industrial applications. They launched a crowdfunding campaign on Kickstarter to raise funds.


FarmBot

FarmBot utilised crowdfunding platforms to develop & launch open-source CNC farming machines for small-scale agriculture.


Glowee

Glowee used crowdfunding to raise funds for their R&D efforts by showcasing the potential of their innovative tech & attracting backers.